Cheat sheet act as a reference tool which provides cut and paste kind of commands to complete a specific task. I often recommend following set of best cheat sheets to students and IT professionals. It include Linux / UNIX command and shell scripting.

Unix Toolbox

This document is a collection of Unix/Linux/BSD commands and tasks which are useful for IT work or for advanced users. This is a practical guide with concise explanations, however the reader is supposed to know what s/he is doing.

=> Visit UNIX Toolbox

UNIX Tutorial for Beginners

A beginners guide to the Unix and Linux operating system. Eight simple tutorials which cover the basics of UNIX / Linux commands.

=> Visit UNIX Tutorial for Beginners

Linux Command and Learning Shell Tutorials

You have Linux installed and running. The GUI is working fine, but you are getting tired of changing your desktop themes. You keep seeing this “terminal” thing. Don’t worry, this site will show you what to do.

=> Visit Learning the shell

Learn UNIX in 10 minutes

This is something that I had given out to students (CAD user training) in years past. The purpose was to have on one page the basics commands for getting started using the UNIX shell (so that they didn’t call me asking what to do the first time someone gave them a tape).

=> Visit Learning UNIX in 10 minutes

How To Look Like A UNIX Guru

This lecture takes you through the basic commands and then shows you how to combine them in simple patterns or idioms to provide sophisticated functionality like histogramming. This lecture assumes you know what a shell is and that you have some basic familiarity with UNIX.

=> Visit How To Look Like A UNIX Guru

Linux command line reference

Another very good Linux command line reference for common operations.

=> Visit Linux Command Line Reference

Linux-Unix cheat sheets – The ultimate collection

Links to good reference material on various topics.

=> Visit Linux-Unix cheat sheets – The ultimate collection

Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands

This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a Nutshell, 5th Edition. You can view total 687 commands to get a description and list of available options.

=> Visit directory of Linux commands

A Sysadmin’s Unixersal Translator (ROSETTA STONE)

A simple and nice lookup table for Linux / UNIX / BSD commands.

=> Visit Sysadmin’s Unixersal Translator (ROSETTA STONE) (PDF version)

BigAdmin – System Administrator Resources and Community

Sun has BigAdmin portal with tons of information regarding UNIX, shell scripting and much more.

=> Visit BigAdmin System Administration Portal- Shell Commands (see their home page for more resources)

Ref:cyberciti.biz

Our Sample Setup

  +-----+
  | db1 | -------------------------> -+
  +-----+                             |
   old mysql server                   |
   (192.168.1.8)                      |
  +-----+                             |        ///////////////////////////////
  | db2 | -------------------------> -+------> // Internet (ISP router      //
  +-----+                             |        // with port 80 forwarding)  //
   new mysql server                   |        ///////////////////////////////
   (192.168.1.10)                     |
  +-----+                             |
  | www1| -------------------------> -+
  +-----+
    Apache web server
    (192.168.1.5)

You need to move db1 server database called blogdb and its users to db2 server.

Install MySQL On DB2

Use the apt-get or yum command to install mysql on DB2 server:
$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
$ sudo service mysql start
# set root password for new installation
$ mysqladmin -u root password NEWPASSWORD
OR
$ sudo yum install mysql-server mysql
$ sudo chkconfig mysql on
$ sudo service mysql start
# set root password for new installation
$ mysqladmin -u root password NEWPASSWORD
Make sure OpenSSH server is also installed on DB2.

Get Current MySQL, Usernames, Hostname, And Database Names

Type the following command at shell prompt to list username and hostname list, enter:

mysql -u root -B -N -p -e "SELECT user, host FROM user" mysql

Sample outputs:

vivek	192.168.1.5
tom	192.168.1.5
blog	192.168.1.7
root	localhost
	db1.vm.nixcraft.net.in
root	db1.vm.nixcraft.net.in

The first column is mysql username and second one is network host names. Now, type the following command to get exact details about grants and password for each user from above list:

mysql -u root -p -B -N -e"SHOW GRANTS FOR 'userName'@hostName"
mysql -u root -p -B -N -e"SHOW GRANTS FOR 'vivek'@192.168.1.5"

Sample outputs:

GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'vivek'@'192.168.1.5' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD 'somePasswordMd5'
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `blogdb`.* TO 'vivek'@'192.168.1.5'

Where,

• vivek – MySQL login username
• 192.168.1.5 – Another server or workstation to access this mysql server
• somePasswordMd5 – Password stored in mysql database which is not in a clear text format
• blogdb – Your database name

Now, you’ve all info and you can move database and users to a new server called db2 as follows using the combination of OpenSSH ssh client and mysql clients as follows:

ssh user@db2 mysql -u root -p'password' -e "create database IF NOT EXISTS blogdb;"
ssh user@db2 mysql -u root -p'password' -e "GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'vivek'@'192.168.1.5' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD 'somePasswordMd5';"
ssh user@db2 mysql -u root -p'password' -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `blogdb`.* TO 'vivek'@'192.168.1.5';"
mysqldump -u root -p'password' -h 'localhost' blogdb | ssh user@db2 mysql -u root -p'password' blogdb

You can test it as follows from Apache web server:
$ mysql -u vivek -h 192.168.1.10 -p blogdb -e 'show tables;'

A Note About Web Applications

Finally, you need to make changes to your application to point out to new a database server called DB2. For example, change the following from:

 
        $DB_SERVER = "db1.vm.nixcraft.net.in";
        $DB_USER = "vivek";
        $DB_PASS = "your-password";
        $DB_NAME = "blogdb";

To:

 
        $DB_SERVER = "db2.vm.nixcraft.net.in";
        $DB_USER = "vivek";
        $DB_PASS = "your-password";
        $DB_NAME = "blogdb";

A Sample Shell Script To Migrate Database

#!/bin/bash
# Copyright (c) 2005 nixCraft project <http://cyberciti.biz/fb/>
# This script is licensed under GNU GPL version 2.0 or above
# Author Vivek Gite <vivek@nixcraft.com>
# ------------------------------------------------------------
# SETME First - local mysql user/pass
_lusr="root"
_lpass="MySQLPassword"
_lhost="localhost"
 
# SETME First - remote mysql user/pass
_rusr="root"
_rpass="mySQLPassword"
_rhost="localhost"
 
# SETME First - remote mysql ssh info
# Make sure ssh keys are set
_rsshusr="vivek"
_rsshhost="db2.vm.nixcraft.net.in"
 
# sql file to hold grants and db info locally
_tmp="/tmp/output.mysql.$$.sql"
 
#### No editing below #####
 
# Input data
_db="$1"
_user="$2"
 
# Die if no input given
[ $# -eq 0 ] && { echo "Usage: $0 MySQLDatabaseName MySQLUserName"; exit 1; }
 
# Make sure you can connect to local db server
mysqladmin -u "$_lusr" -p"$_lpass" -h "$_lhost"  ping &>/dev/null || { echo "Error: Mysql server is not online or set correct values for _lusr, _lpass, and _lhost"; exit 2; }
 
# Make sure database exists
mysql -u "$_lusr" -p"$_lpass" -h "$_lhost" -N -B  -e'show databases;' | grep -q "^${_db}$" ||  { echo "Error: Database $_db not found."; exit 3; }
 
##### Step 1: Okay build .sql file with db and users, password info ####
echo "*** Getting info about $_db..."
echo "create database IF NOT EXISTS $_db; " > "$_tmp"
 
# Build mysql query to grab all privs and user@host combo for given db_username
mysql -u "$_lusr" -p"$_lpass" -h "$_lhost" -B -N \
-e "SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('SHOW GRANTS FOR ''',user,'''@''',host,''';') AS query FROM user" \
mysql \
| mysql  -u "$_lusr" -p"$_lpass" -h "$_lhost" \
| grep  "$_user" \
|  sed 's/Grants for .*/#### &/' >> "$_tmp"
 
##### Step 2: send .sql file to remote server ####
echo "*** Creating $_db on ${rsshhost}..."
scp "$_tmp" ${_rsshusr}@${_rsshhost}:/tmp/
 
#### Step 3: Create db and load users into remote db server ####
ssh ${_rsshusr}@${_rsshhost} mysql -u "$_rusr" -p"$_rpass" -h "$_rhost" < "$_tmp"
 
#### Step 4: Send mysql database and all data ####
echo "*** Exporting $_db from $HOSTNAME to ${_rsshhost}..."
mysqldump -u "$_lusr" -p"$_lpass" -h "$_lhost" "$_db" | ssh ${_rsshusr}@${_rsshhost} mysql -u  -u "$_rusr" -p"$_rpass" -h "$_rhost" "$_db"
 
rm -f "$_tmp"

How Do I Use This Script?

Download the above script and edit it to set the following as per your setup:

# SETME First - local mysql DB1 admin user/password
_lusr="root"
_lpass="MySQLPassword"
_lhost="localhost"

# SETME First - remote mysql DB2 admin user/password
_rusr="root"
_rpass="mySQLPassword"
_rhost="localhost"

# Remote SSH Server (DB2 SSH Server)
# Make sure ssh keys are set
_rsshusr="vivek"
_rsshhost="db2.vm.nixcraft.net.in"

In this example, migrate a database called wiki with wikiuser username:
$ ./script.sh wiki wikiuser

Server moved – 14/July/2010

Dear User,

In the last two days nixcraft moved to the new server (details about our older setup are here). No data is lost and most of the stuff is back as usual. The new server is much more stable. However, required libraries for RSS feed and PDF file generation code are not installed. I will fixed it ASAP. If any one see any other errors or 404 errors, please send me an email at vivek@nixcraft.com. Please ignore rss feed which is currently showing all old entires in your feed. My apologies for the temporary inconvenience and flooding your rss feed and inbox. The IPv6 AAAA entries will be published later on this weekend.

Thanks for all your support!

Ref:cyberciti.biz

–Vivek Gite

I’m looking for a free video editor similar to – Adobe Premiere Pro, Apple iMovie, Final Cut Pro or Microsoft Movie Maker under Linux Desktop operating system. My tasks are pretty simple such as cutting, filtering, and encoding tasks etc. Can you provide me a list of FOSS software which can be used for video capture and video editing purposes under Fedora or Ubuntu Linux desktop systems?

A non-linear editing system (NLE) is a video editing (NLVE) or audio editing (NLAE) system which can provide editing method for video clips or frams. You will be able to access any frame in a video clip. Non-linear editing is done for film and television post-production. However, the cost of editing system gone down and non-linear editing tools (including software) are now within the reach of most home users.

MS-Windows PC included Windows Movie Maker and Apple computer comes with iMovie. Most Linux based editing software can now be downloaded free of charge from the Internet. You also need a video capture card and a FireWire connection to capture digital video from a DV camera.

Avidemux

Avidemux is a free video editor designed for simple cutting, filtering and encoding tasks. It supports many file types, including AVI, DVD compatible MPEG files, MP4 and ASF, using a variety of codecs. Tasks can be automated using projects, job queue and powerful scripting capabilities. Avidemux is available for Linux, BSD, Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows under the GNU GPL license.

Fig.01: Avidemux in Action under Ubuntu (image credit: Wikipedia)

How Do I Install Avidemux Under Debian / Ubuntu Linux Desktop?

Type the following command:
$ sudo apt-get install avidemux

Embedding The Subtitles to AVI By Using Avidemux

=> Download Avidemux

Cinelerra

Cinelerra is the most advanced non-linear video editor and compositor for Linux. Cinelerra also includes a video compositing engine, allowing the user to perform common compositing operations such as keying and mattes. Cinelerra includes support for very high-fidelity audio and video: it processes audio using 64 bits of precision, and can work in both RGBA and YUVA color spaces, using floating-point and 16-bit integer representations, respectively. It is resolution and frame rate-independent, meaning that it can support video of any speed and size.

Fig.02: Cinelerra Rendering in Action (credit Cinelerra project)

Video editing in Ubuntu Using Cinelerra Part 1

Cinelerra Tutorial Capturing Desktop Screens

=> Download Cinelerra

Kdenlive

Kdenlive is an intuitive and powerful multi-track video editor, including most recent video technologies. Kdenlive supports all of the formats supported by FFmpeg (such as QuickTime, AVI, WMV, MPEG, and Flash Video), and also supports 4:3 and 16:9 aspect ratios for both PAL, NTSC and various HD standards, including HDV. Video can also be exported to DV devices, or written to a DVD with chapters and a simple menu. Kdenlive packages are freely available for GNU/Linux, FreeBSD and Mac OS X under the terms of GNU General Public License version 2 or any version later.

Fig.03: Kdenlive in Action (credit: Kdenlive project)

How Do I Install Kdenlive Under Debian / Ubuntu Linux Desktop?

Type the following command:
$ sudo apt-get install kdenlive

Video Effects & Stacking – Kdenlive 0.7 – Ubuntu 8.10

=> Download Kdenlive

Kino

Kino is a non-linear DV editor for GNU/Linux. It features excellent integration with IEEE-1394 for capture, VTR control, and recording back to the camera. It captures video to disk in Raw DV and AVI format, in both type-1 DV and type-2 DV (separate audio stream) encodings.

Fig.04: Kino Main Window (image credit – Kino porject)

How Do I Install Kino Under Debian / Ubuntu Linux Desktop?

Type the following command:
$ sudo apt-get install kino

LINUX video capture – KINO Tutorial

=> Download Kino

LiVES

LiVES (LiVES is a Video Editing System) is a free software video editing program and VJ tool. LiVES mixes realtime video performance and non-linear editing in one professional quality application. It will let you start editing and making video right away, without having to worry about formats, frame sizes, or framerates. It is a very flexible tool which is used by both professional VJ’s and video editors – mix and switch clips from the keyboard, use dozens of realtime effects, trim and edit your clips in the clip editor, and bring them together using the multitrack timeline. You can even record your performance in real time, and then edit it further or render it straight away.

For the more technically minded, the application is frame and sample accurate, and it can be controlled remotely or scripted for use as a video server. And it supports all of the latest free standards.

Fig.05: Lives: Linux Video Editing System (Image: Lives project)

Demo made using LiVES Software

=> Download LiVES

Comparison Of Video Editing Software

Other Open Source Non-linear Video Editing Software For Linux Operating Systems

1. Blender – 3D animation suite (cross-platform) : Blender is a 3D graphics application. It can be used for modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, rigging, water simulations, skinning, animating, rendering, particle and other simulations, non-linear editing, compositing, and creating interactive 3D applications, including games. Blender’s features include advanced simulation tools such as rigid body, fluid, cloth and softbody dynamics, modifier based modeling tools, powerful character animation tools, a node based material and compositing system and Python for embedded scripting.
2. OpenShot Video Editor : OpenShot Video Editor is an open-source program that creates, modifies, and edits video files.
3. PiTiVi : PiTiVi is a program for video editing based on the GStreamer framework. It can – Capture and encode audio and video, with formats supported by GStreamer, split and trim video clips, split and trim audio, render projects in any format supported by the GStreamer framework etc.

Our Recommendation

• Use Cinelerra for professional work. It is very fast, and can handle a heavy load. You can also obtain paid support for this product.
• For video encoding and conversion purpose use Avidemux.

Who Uses…?

1. Cinelerra – Recommended for Animator, Artist/Illustrator/Designer, video editor.
2. Kino – Recommended of home user, video editor, and videographer.
3. Avidemux (Non-Linear Editor) – Recommended videographer
4. Kdenlive – Recommended for home user.
5. LiVES – Recommend for home user and VJ.

Ref :cyberciti.biz

By default remote access to MySQL database server is disabled for security reasons. However, some time you need to provide remote access to database server from home or a web server.

MySQL Remote Access

You need type the following commands which will allow remote connections.

Step # 1: Login Using SSH (if server is outside your data center)

First, login over ssh to remote MySQL database server:

ssh user@mysql.nixcraft.i

Step # 2: Edit my.cnf File

Once connected you need to edit the MySQL server configuration file my.cnf using a text editor such as vi.

• If you are using Debian Linux file is located at /etc/mysql/my.cnf location
• If you are using Red Hat Linux/Fedora/Centos Linux file is located at /etc/my.cnf location
• If you are using FreeBSD you need to create a file /var/db/mysql/my.cnf

Edit /etc/my.cnf, run:
# vi /etc/my.cnf

Step # 3: Once file opened, locate line that read as follows

[mysqld]

Make sure line skip-networking is commented (or remove line) and add following line

bind-address=YOUR-SERVER-IP

For example, if your MySQL server IP is 65.55.55.2 then entire block should be look like as follows:

[mysqld]
user            = mysql
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port            = 3306
basedir         = /usr
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir          = /tmp
language        = /usr/share/mysql/English
bind-address    = 65.55.55.2
# skip-networking
....
..
....

Where,

• bind-address : IP address to bind to.
• skip-networking : Don’t listen for TCP/IP connections at all. All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets. This option is highly recommended for systems where only local requests are allowed. Since you need to allow remote connection this line should be removed from my.cnf or put it in comment state.

Step# 4 Save and Close the file

Restart the mysql server, enter:
# /etc/init.d/mysql restart

Step # 5 Grant access to remote IP address

Connect to mysql server:
$ mysql -u root -p mysql

Grant access to a new database

If you want to add a new database called foo for user bar and remote IP 202.54.10.20 then you need to type the following commands at mysql> prompt:mysql> CREATE DATABASE foo;
mysql> GRANT ALL ON foo.* TO bar@'202.54.10.20' IDENTIFIED BY 'PASSWORD';

How Do I Grant Access To An Existing Database?

Let us assume that you are always making connection from remote IP called 202.54.10.20 for database called webdb for user webadmin, To grant access to this IP address type the following command At mysql> prompt for existing database, enter:
mysql> update db set Host='202.54.10.20' where Db='webdb';
mysql> update user set Host='202.54.10.20' where user='webadmin';

Step # 5: Logout of MySQL

Type exit command to logout mysql:mysql> exit

Step # 6: Open port 3306

You need to open TCP port 3306 using iptables or BSD pf firewall.

A sample iptables rule to open Linux iptables firewall

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --destination-port 3306 -j ACCEPT

OR only allow remote connection from your web server located at 10.5.1.3:

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 10.5.1.3 -p tcp --destination-port 3306 -j ACCEPT

OR only allow remote connection from your lan subnet 192.168.1.0/24:

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 192.168.1.0/24 -p tcp --destination-port 3306 -j ACCEPT

Finally save all rules:
# service iptables save

A sample FreeBSD / OpenBSD pf rule ( /etc/pf.conf)

pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port 3306

OR allow only access from your web server located at 10.5.1.3:

pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from 10.5.1.3 to any port 3306  flags S/SA synproxy state

Step # 7: Test it

From your remote system or your desktop type the following command:
$ mysql -u webadmin –h 65.55.55.2 –p
Where,

• -u webadmin: webadmin is MySQL username
• -h IP or hostname: 65.55.55.2 is MySQL server IP address or hostname (FQDN)
• -p : Prompt for password

You can also use telnet to connect to port 3306 for testing purpose:
$ telnet 65.55.55.2 3306

Ref:cyberciti.biz

But since the web and its evolution is a difficult to predict process open to discussion by millions of people, it’s hard to find an explanatory approach that provides a clear picture over what the Web 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 actually are.

However, if we invest some time in studying the history of the web, there is a red line crystallizing in the mist that reveals a clearer picture of the past and future evolution of the web. It looks like this:

Web 1.0

When the internet appeared for the first time as a broader mass media phenomenon – I would locate this first phase between the years 1990 to 2000 – most people used it as just another media channel. Professionals who understood the technology behind it created websites, and the rest of us visited these websites. While this new media channel was in most respects pretty similar to TV and magazines, it had one new and exciting twist: users could now access every webpage in the world instantly.

If I was in charge of assigning a tagline to this phase of the Web, I would call it “user generated choice”. Because now, everyone could access everything in just a mouse click.

Web 2.0

If a web historian had to compare the years 1990 – 2000 to the years 2000-2010, and tell us what the most obvious difference in the way we use the web and its influence on our lives was, the answer would be surprising: it’s not advancements in Ajax, Flash, PHP, or any other software technology. The biggest, most powerful change that took place in the Web was of social nature. It was a change of society, and how people interacted with each other. Suddenly, within a few defining years, hundreds of millions of people suddenly started to not only passively consume media, but to actively create content. At the heart of this civilizational revolution was a small, nearly insignificant technical twist in the design of websites. This twist was to allow not just editors, but everyone to upload and publish content of any kind to a new breed of Web 2.0 websites. It’s not even technology that changed – it simply was a new idea of how to use the existing one. This new idea, in combination with a higher penetration of high speed internet access in most developed countries, has led to the unprecedented explosion of content and content-centric interaction known as the Web 2.0. Consequently, the most famous tagline describing the Web 2.0 is that of “user generated content”.

Web 3.0

If you live in the Bay Area and Silicon Valley, the odds are high that you are completely annoyed that I even mention the Web 3.0. But if you live outside this little, slightly self-referential bubble of Web thought leadership, you might hear the term for the first time. The reason is that despite the ubiquity of definitions for the Web 3.0 inside the startup community, none of it has made it out into the world. The reason is simple: they are either tech-centric, or not thought through. Like the Semantic Web. You cannot simply make up definitions. They need to be in-line with the historic background, social logics, and human interests.

The most common paradigm, the Web 3.0 as the “Semantic Web”, has three major weaknesses: first, it’s not clear what it really means other than a web that is somehow “smart”. Second, it is inconsistent with the nature of the Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 as social phenomena rather than technological advancements. And third, as a consequence from that, it lacks a sharply defined social value such as Web 1.0’s user generated choice (all content suddenly becomes accessible with a single mouse click) and Web 2.0’s user generated content (everyone becomes a publisher!).

A decent definition of the Web 3.0 must relate to the historic trajectory laid out by the Web 1.0 and Web 2.0, build on the achievements of both, and show a paradigmatic improvement over the Web 2.0.

To understand how the Web 3.0 transcends and improves the Web 2.0, we first have to understand what the problem with user generated content is. While it has empowered everyone to publish and share knowledge, arts and entertainment with everybody else, its actual impact falls short of its revolutionary potential. Of the over 30 million people who try to professionally web-publish in the US alone, only a tiny fraction – below 1% – actually manages to make a living off its efforts. This, in return, means that only this tiny fraction can actually commit the time and resources to the creation of high quality knowledge, arts and entertainment that pushes our society forward. I call this 99% failure rate of the web 2.0 the web 2.0 dilemma. While the quantity of content has exploded, its quality has not.

The reason for this dilemma can be easily identified: earning money with user generated content is extremely difficult – even if you provide high quality content. The reasons are mainly of technological nature: while user generated content platforms work pretty well, user generated media business platforms do not exist. You can create content, but building a business around it requires technical skills 99% of the creative population lack. From building a unique looking publishing outlet over integrating monetization streams such as ads, e-commerce, subscriptions and affiliate marketing tools to doing your digital marketing campaigns and financial controlling, user generated business seems to be a distant vision. In short: as of today, the key problem is that content quality and potential is not correlated at all with the skill set required to set up a successful media business in the web.

But exactly in this problem lies the gigantic opportunity of a new Web infrastructure. An opportunity so great it can easily keep up with the opportunity that led to the web 2.0. Think about it: back in the Web 1.0, we had millions of people who had the motivation and content to publish online. But they were held back by a technical obstacle – the obstacle of creating a webpage. Once this obstacle was removed by new user generated content platforms that made web – publishing and sharing super easy, we saw nothing less than a world revolution.

I deeply believe that today, we stand at the brink of a second revolution which is similar to the Web 2.0 revolution, but much more significant in terms of social and economic impact.

It follows exactly the same pattern: millions of people are ready to do something – to build valuable media assets in the web. They have the skills, knowledge and content, and they have the will to provide the world with a sea of new mindware that could change every aspect of our lives. But they are held back by a technical obstacle: the lack of easy-to-use business platforms that allow them to set up their own small media business around their expertise. What is lacking is something that tens of thousands of successful Web 2.0 users have already figured out and implemented. Revenue streams such as advertising, affiliate marketing, premium content, e-commerce build around their topic. Marketing tools and technologies – from social bookmarking over facebook and twitter integration. Analytic tools to track visits, sales and revenues, and bring it all together into powerful media controlling.

If we utilize this knowledge, automate it, and turn it into simple-to-use user generated business technology, we get the perfect storm: on the one side, an innovation economy that is hungry for refined knowledge and mindware; on the other side, tens of millions of people ready to turn their passion and expertise in high quality media products and live self-employed, more self-fulfilling lives; and finally an ubiquitous Web that holds all the technology components required to make this happen.

Out of the many potential definitions for the Web 3.0, this one – a Web in that everyone becomes a knowledge entrepreneur – is the most economically and socially powerful, far reaching, and tangible. It’s a multi-trillion dollar knowledge industry that will change the way we live, think and progress. It will unleash a content revolution that turns the gigantic masses of user generated content into millions of profitable user generated knowledge businesses. This web 3.0 is nothing less than the key to turning our society into a true, full scale knowledge civilization by providing the missing link: the economic infrastructure that enables economically feasible mass production of knowledge goods and mindware. This is why I believe the Web 3.0 will be about user generated knowledge business, and it will be so very soon.

Maybe you think that’s all too much, and I am crazy. If so, guess how many people would have believed 15 years ago that by simply allowing people to write random texts on websites, a few websites would transform human culture and the media industry more fundamentally than anything ever before in a comparable time scale. Take this Web 2.0 effect and multiply it with a global, multi-trillion dollar potential and a world adapted to rapid change.

The Web 3.0 will come, it will make everyone a knowledge entrepreneur, and it will do so very soon.

Ref:sophotec.com

In “From Web 1.0 to Web 3.0”, I elaborated on the idea of user generated media business as the next phase in the internet evolution. In this Web 3.0, a new breed of user generated knowledge business platforms will allow everyone to easily create a full scale small media business without any technology or media business knowledge.

No expert doubts the technical and conceptual feasibility of the Web 3.0. The innovation process is easily explained: pull together the existing, success-proven blueprints and components in Social Media marketing, content monetization, and media product creation into simple to use web tools, and automate as much of the underlying business processes as possible.

There are two other concerns I stumble upon rather frequently: First, the phrase Web 3.0 is annoying to some people, because it sounds like an overused marketing term. My answer to this is: if something swims on a lake, makes quak quak, and looks like a duck, it IS a duck. Even if everyone else calls everything else a duck, too.

The second, more relevant concern is the economic viability of a web in that everyone can become a knowledge entrepreneur. The argument against it is as simple as powerful: no one needs 30 million (and even less 300 million) people who produce content. There simply is no demand for that kind of stuff. If 30 million people are supposed to make a living off web publishing, meaning they earn $30,000 or more a year, we are looking at a new economic sector with a size of $1 trillion a year. That’s $1 trillion someone else has to spend on this content. That’s roughly the size of the global car industry. Based on all economic evidence, that sounds like a silly idea.

So let’s dig a little deeper into the economics of the new Web 3.0 knowledge market. First, on supply side, we don’t have a problem. There are indeed over 30 million people in the US alone who are highly motivated to become full time knowledge and media producers: bloggers, filmmakers, consultants, academic staff, and basically everyone with special skills and expertise who wants to publish.

When it comes to the demand side, the insight comes with a simple twist. Maybe you remember from economics 101 that we can differentiate between two kinds of goods: consumption goods, and investment goods. The market potential for any kind of consumption good is defined by the consumer need (and budget) for this good. Cars, hambugers, pants have a clearly defined, limited market potential, because at a certain point we (the market) have enough of it.

While each individual consumption good is limited in its market potential, the total market potential for consumption goods is not. Every product or service caters to a certain need, and every concrete need is satisfied at a certain saturation point – but the human mind as a whole can never reach a point of full saturation.

It’s an insight of deep meaning: at the point at that we as a species wouldn’t “want” anything anymore, we would stop growing, start drifting, and vanish from the face of the galaxy. The fact we made it so far points to the fact that our minds have an inherent mechanism that doesn’t allow us to reach a point of full satisfaction. Since economic growth represents an increase in need satisfaction, and out needs are endless, economic growth potential is endless, too.

So let’s take a look at the second class of goods, the investment goods. They are slightly different in nature: no one buys an investment good to satisfy a consumption need. Investment goods are purchased to produce other goods. Typical investment goods are machines, financial services, energy and consulting services.

Different from consumption goods, investment goods don’t necessarily have a fixed market potential. Because they don’t just cater to a certain given market need, but enable us to open new markets and production potential for other goods.

Within the species of investment goods, there is one especially interesting species: the investment goods (and services) that are designed to create innovation and progress. They represent a special breed, because their market potential is necessarily unlimited: innovation and progress means the systematic identification and design of new market opportunities. As we have seen before, these opportunities are naturally unlimited. In return, this means the market for innovation and progress tools is only limited by the effectiveness of those tools themselves.

And now, think: what exactly are innovation and progress tools? It’s a little bit of software, but at its core, it’s mindware. It’s the stuff that allows our brains to work in new, more effective ways to do things better and grow faster. In other words: knowledge. When people get new knowledge which enables them to think more effectively, they start to create a piece of a better world. As long as there can be a better world, getting there will create a positive value difference, which translates in economic growth.

The reason why I am convinced that the web 3.0 can unleash a trillion dollar industry is because tapping into the mind potential of people does not simply open another random consumption goods market. It means creating a limitless supply of fuel for human progress. It is the ancient dream of creating a wisdom society – a society in that everyone is concerned about progress for all and improvement of everything. In that every human mind is aligned to the mission of individual and common progress in all its’ facets.

Only that this time, it’s not a dream. It’s a technological infrastructure ready to be assembled as of now, and an economic incentive system in that everyone becomes richer by delivering more effective mindware to everyone else. A free market and production system for human mindware. A web in that everyone becomes a knowledge entrepreneur. It’s a big, paradigmatic leap that will change human history in a more fundamental way than anything before.

This is why we can call it the web 3.0.

Ref:sophotec.com

This slide neatly sums up the main differences between Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and Web 3.0.

Web 1.0 – That Geocities & Hotmail era was all about read-only content and static HTML websites. People preferred navigating the web through link directories of Yahoo! and dmoz.

Web 2.0 – This is about user-generated content and the read-write web. People are consuming as well as contributing information through blogs or sites like Flickr, YouTube, Digg, etc. The line dividing a consumer and content publisher is increasingly getting blurred in the Web 2.0 era.

Web 3.0 – This will be about semantic web (or the meaning of data), personalization (e.g. iGoogle), intelligent search and behavioral advertising among other things.

If that sounds confusing, check out some of these excellent presentations that help you understand Web 3.0 in simple English. Each takes a different approach to explain Web 3.0 and the last presentation uses an example of a “postage stamp” to explain the “semantic web”.

Ref :labnol.org

Today I am going to present my image of Web 3.0 which is entirely dependent on technical updates from magazines and Videocasts and Podcasts.

Web 3.0 stage of web is most probably start from 2010 and end by 2020. It will be the most evolutionary development of that decade because now web is not just technically orienting people but it has major social contributions also. Some of the aspects of Web 3.0 will be:

* Personal Desktop:
firefox ie delicious opera
You know what? You have tasted this feature! Opera, Google Chrome , del.icio.us, Firefox, which offers you to save your bookmarks and tags independent of browser. It offers space for personal browser data or other private data any where in this world where you want it. You just need to login to your account at the same browser.

* Remote Control:
remote control
Yes you can control your PC from distance about thousand miles or even more by just using internet. It is just like Windows Remote desktop control. There will be much more services like Logmein in Web 3.0 which will offer remote control of your computer for free.

* Webspaces:
webspace
One step ahead of these, there are websites like 4shared, which is part of Webspaces. It offers you virtual directory of 5GB space which can be increased to multiple times by adopting some money based membership plans. Also it offers access to other member’s directories if they have made them public.

* 4G:
4g
As there is 4G ready to knock your door, Internet is not just limited to computers but to your mobiles , portable audio/video players , navigators and very new other devices like PDF readers. 4G means bigger bandwidth so now there is no limit of functionality for 4G devices. It is said that some 4G devices are being tested for GigaBytes of bandwidth.

* Semantic Web:
semantic web
I have read a post on Precise search but Semantic Web Technology is going to change your search results. Semantic Web is based on some very new web standard like RDF which can be very purposefully analyzed by Web spiders or search engines to refine your queries. Semantic Web is one of the hottest contemporary topic. There are many researchers doing analysis on data mining to better organize and allocate data.

So it wouldn’t be astonishing if you make query like this in future: “Give me best website for online gift buying shops and then tell me the most suitable location around California to go for trekking.” How it is possible? Let me tell you how! Very new sophisticated formats of semantic web like RDF divides query into subjects, predicates and objects which are analyzed and processed by very smart web sources.

* Smarter Hardware:
smarter hardware
Our hardware is getting smarter. Intel has come with Core i7 and AMD has announced Shanghai project in Opteron series. In monitors OLED(Organic LED) is future with next to real picture quality. New PHYX cards for graphics. Virtual reality is something which would be part of not only gaming and research simulation but also for training purposes.

* Surface PC:
surface pc
With Bill Gate’s new ambition of having every desktop as PC retail is now directly connected to Web. You will be provided with smart cards which will contain your personal settings and information capable of loading any where, on street shops having Surface PC. You can Plug and Play, wire free with your fingers only.

* Internet Radio:
internet radio
This will be the audio streaming major in Web 3.0 with having digital quality sound and playing thousands of radio stations.

There are innumerable number of features that is going to be embedded in Web 3.0. But some of them be speculative too.
I guess I have acquainted you with .1 % of what Web 3.0 will have.

Ref:tutzone.org

Where Web 2.0 based on ‘Folksonomy’, Web 3.0 is based on (Me-onomy) means focused on the Individuals. There are much more difference between Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 standards here is the some mentioned below:

WEB 2.0

1. The Widely Read-Write Web
2. Focused on Communities
3. Blogs
4. Sharing Content
5. XML, RSS
6. Web Applications
7. Tagging (Folksonomy)
8. Google
9. Cost per click
10. Rich Media, Viral

WEB 3.0

1. The Portable Personal Web
2. Focused on Individuals
3. Lifestream
4. Consolidating Dynamic Content
5. The Semantic Web
6. Widgets, Drag & Drop Mashups
7. User Behavior (Me-onomy)
8. ——-, netvibes
9. User Engagement
10. Advertisement

Ref:tutorialfeed.org